Which autoantibody is specifically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations and diverse autoantibodies. Among these, certain autoantibodies are specifically associated with SLE, making them important for diagnosis and understanding the disease.

Anti-dsDNA is highly specific for SLE, with its presence often correlating with disease activity, particularly renal involvement. This antibody targets the double-stranded DNA, which is a hallmark of SLE.

Anti-Sm (Smith) antibodies are also specifically associated with SLE. Although they are not as prevalent as anti-dsDNA antibodies, their presence is a strong indicator of the disease and is considered pathognomonic for SLE. Anti-Sm antibodies target small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), and their detection can provide important diagnostic information.

As both anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm antibodies are specifically associated with SLE, the correct answer includes both of these autoantibodies, confirming their relevance in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus. The presence of either or both antibodies in a patient can greatly aid in establishing a diagnosis of SLE.