In patients with chronic granulomatous disease, which bacteria are most often associated with recurrent infections?

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a genetic disorder that affects the immune system, specifically the ability of phagocytes to effectively kill certain types of bacteria and fungi due to a defect in the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex. This defect leads to impaired production of reactive oxygen species, which are crucial for the destruction of ingested pathogens.

As a result, patients with CGD are particularly prone to infections from catalase-positive organisms because these pathogens have an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species that would normally help kill them. Among the organisms frequently associated with recurrent infections in CGD patients, Staphylococcus species, especially Staphylococcus aureus, are highly significant. This is because they can produce catalase, protecting themselves from oxidative damage and making them more capable of surviving and proliferating in the absence of a robust oxidative killing mechanism.

While other pathways and factors contribute to the susceptibility of CGD patients to infections, the association with Staphylococcus species is notable due to their prevalence and ability to resist the immune system's default mechanisms in these patients. The recognized risk factors in CGD highlight the importance of understanding the microbiological landscape that contributes to the recurrent infections experienced by these individuals. Hence, Staphylococcus