How does a deficiency in vitamin C primarily affect collagen?

A deficiency in vitamin C primarily affects collagen by disrupting collagen synthesis. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is essential for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen molecules. This hydroxylation is a critical step in the post-translational modification of collagen, which is necessary for the formation of stable and functional collagen fibers.

Without sufficient vitamin C, the hydroxylation process is impaired, leading to the production of unstable collagen that cannot properly aggregate or form the triple helix structure characteristic of healthy collagen fibers. As a result, collagen synthesis is compromised, leading to various clinical manifestations such as easy bruising, delayed wound healing, and weakened connective tissues, often seen in conditions like scurvy.

Understanding the role of vitamin C in collagen synthesis highlights the significance of adequate vitamin C intake for maintaining healthy connective tissue and proper wound healing.